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APHRC Q3 NEWSLETTER JULY – SEPTEMBER 2012

Non-Communicable Diseases on the Rise in Sub-Saharan Africa. Non-communicable diseases such as heart conditions, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases are a leading cause of death among adults aged 30 years and older in Africa. Heart diseases are the number one cause of death globally, and in sub-Saharan (SSA). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more people die from heart diseases in SSA (12.5%) than from HIV/AIDS (12.3%) or malaria (7.3%). […]

APHRC Launched the PAMANECH project

Launched the PAMANECH project to assess the impact of strengthening public-private partnerships for the delivery of healthcare in Nairobi’s informal […]

Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA) Report: Four Years On

This report presents learning from the African Institution initiative’s experiences, and highlights CARTA’s progress against a set of performance indicators in its logic model to date, firstly outlining CARTA’s strategy for that indicator, presenting key achievements to date and discussing the enablers and challenges surrounding that theme. The report highlights the strengths and challenges experienced by CARTA in the first four years of the initiative. […]

DURABILITY OF FIRST LINE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY: REASONS AND PREDICTIVE FACTORS FOR MODIFICATIONS IN A SWAZILAND COHORT

Optimizing initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens is critical in improving the durability of treatment efficacy and patient prognosis. Reasons for and risk factors relating to the need for ART modifications were evaluated in an outpatient cohort in Mbabane, Swaziland. We examined routine clinical data for 782 patients initiating first-line ART between 1 March 2006 and 31 March 2008. Treatment modification was defined as either a first time single drug substitution or first time regimen switch. Multivariate piecewise Cox regression models were used to identify risk factors for ART modification. […]

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MOTIVATION OF COMMUNITY DRUG DISTRIBUTORS IN THE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS ELIMINATION PROGRAMME IN KENYA

Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a mosquito-transmitted disease, is ranked as the second largest cause of disability in the world.1 Infection leads to clinical manifestations which include lymphoedema of limbs and genitalia (especially hydroceles) and elephantiasis. By 2004, about 41 million people worldwide had visible symptoms.2 A further 76 million have hidden infections, most often with microfilariae (mf) in their blood and hidden internal damage to their lymphatic and renal systems.3 About 44 million infected patients have recurrent infections and abnormalities of renal functions.3 The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that a single dose of DEC or ivermectin, combined with albendazole, be given annually for four to six years to all populations living in endemic areas to eliminate LF. […]

URBAN HEALTH IN KENYA KEY FINDINGS: THE 2000 NAIROBI CROSS-SECTIONAL SLUM SURVEY

In the year 2000, APHRC conducted the first Nairobi Cross-Sectional Slum Survey that examined health profiles of urban slum residents comparing them with those of rural residents in Kenya. The 2000 “Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements” report showed that slum residents have poorer health and social outcomes than residents in more affluent neighborhoods, and perhaps surprisingly,than rural residents. Below we contrast the report’s urban health findings with subsequent assessments including the recent 2008/09 Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS). […]

IS KENYA MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS IMPROVING THE LIVES OF THE URBAN POOR? PERSPECTIVES: TEN YEARS AFTER THE YEAR 2000 NAIROBI CROSS-SECTIONAL SLUM SURVEY

The poor standard of living in many cities of the developing world has led researchers to question the so-called ‘urban advantage’, which assumes that urban dwellers fare better than their rural counterparts in terms of economic and health conditions. In Kenya, APHRC’s year 2000 “Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements” report showed that slum residents have poorer health and social outcomes than residents in more affluent neighborhoods, and perhaps surprisingly, than rural residents. […]

PHYSICAL ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITIES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN KENYA: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2008-2009 KENYA DEMOGRAPHIC AND HEALTH SURVEY

The objective of the study was to determine the spatial variation in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning across the counties of Kenya and to examine whether the spatial patterns were associated with inequalities in physical access to health facilities. Data were obtained from the 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey and linked to the location of health facilities in the country. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the influence of distance to the nearest health facility and health facility density, in addition to other covariates, on modern ontraceptive use and unmet need. Overall, the prevalence of modern contraceptive use and unmet need among women aged 15-49 in Kenya was 42.1% and 19.7% respectively. Among the respondents who lived more than 5 km from the nearest health facility modern contraceptive use was significantly less likely compared to women resident 5 km or less from the nearest health facility. Women from counties with higher health facility density were 53% more likely to use modern contraceptives compared to women in counties with low health facility density. Distance and health facility density in the county were not significantly associated with unmet need. Physical access to health facilities is an important determinant of modern contraceptive use and unmet need in Kenya. Strategies should be developed in underserved counties to mitigate the challenge of distance to health facilities, such as delivering services by outreach and mobile facilities. […]

INCREASE IN FACILITY-BASED DELIVERIES ASSOCIATED WITH A MATERNAL HEALTH VOUCHER PROGRAMME IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN NAIROBI, KENYA

Recent national surveys in Kenya have estimated that approximately 6500 women die from childbirth-related causes each year (450–500 deaths per 100 000 live births) (KNBS and ICF Macro 2009). The lack of skilled medical assistance during delivery jeopardizes the lives of both mother and newborn; unattended delivery is one of the greatest risk factors for maternal mortality and morbidity. As such, the 5th Millennium Development Goal calls for a greater proportion of women to be delivered by a skilled attendant as a key mechanism to reduce maternal mortality. […]

GLOBAL POVERTY, INEQUALITIES AND AGEING IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: A FOCUS FOR POLICY AND SCHOLARSHIP

The third in our series of the new Giants of the 21st Century to mark 70 years since Beveridge is on Global poverty, inequalities and ageing in sub-Saharan Africa by Isabella Aboderin. William Beveridge’s focus on want, disease and squalor as three of the five giants in mid 20th century British Society is echoed in the 21st century in an international concern about poverty trends and prospects globally. While the ongoing worldwide economic downturn has brought to the fore the mounting realities of hardship in industrialized countries, global poverty concerns remain nonetheless focused on poor developing regions. […]

EFFECT OF MOTHER’S EDUCATION ON CHILD’S NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN THE SLUMS OF NAIROBI

Malnutrition continues to be a critical public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. For example, in East Africa, 48% of children under-five are stunted while 36% are underweight. Poor health and poor nutrition are now more a characteristic of children living in the urban areas than of children in the rural areas. This is because the protective mechanism offered by the urban advantage in the past; that is, the health benefits that historically accrued to residents of cities as compared to residents in rural settings is being eroded due to increasing proportion of urban residents living in slum settings. This study sought to determine effect of mother’s education on child nutritional status of children living in slum settings. […]

APHRC 2011 ANNUAL REPORT

The African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) achieved three major milestones in 2011. First, we celebrated our 10th anniversary since commencing independent operations in August 2001. Second, we successfully completed the development of our third Strategic Plan for 2012-2016. Third, we moved to our purpose built campus facility in the Kitisuru area of Nairobi in June 2011. […]

IS KENYA MAKING PROGRESS TOWARDS IMPROVING THE LIVES OF THE URBAN POOR?

The poor standard of living in many cities of the developing world has led researchers to question the so-called ‘urban advantage’, which assumes that urban dwellers fare better than their rural counterparts in terms of economic and health conditions. In Kenya, APHRC’s year 2000 “Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements” report showed that slum residents have poorer health and social outcomes than residents in more affluent neighborhoods, and perhaps surprisingly, than rural residents. […]

URBAN HEALTH IN KENYA KEY FINDINGS 2000 NAIROBI CROSS-SECTIONAL SLUM SURVEY

In the year 2000, APHRC conducted the first Nairobi Cross-Sectional Slum Survey that examined health profiles of urban slum residents comparing them with those of rural residents in Kenya.

The 2000 “Population and Health Dynamics in Nairobi’s Informal Settlements”1 report showed that slum residents have poorer health and social outcomes than residents in more affluent neighborhoods, and perhaps surprisingly, than rural residents. Below we contrast the report’s urban health findings with subsequent assessments including the recent 2008/09 Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS). […]

APHRC Launched the Jubilee Education Fund

Launched the Jubilee Education Fund to provide financial support for needy students from some of the informal settlements in Nairobi […]

APHRC NEWSLETTER APRIL – JUNE 2012

What About The Men? An APHRC Study Examines Expression of Masculinity In Nairobi’s Slums.
In a world where research on gender often focuses on women, few have tasked themselves with evaluating the plight of the under-privileged African slum-man. Inresponse to the urgent and overdue need for a more critical look at the boys and men who live in poor urban communities of Africa,
a new study conducted by APHRC looks at the impact of living in Nairobi’s urban informal settlements on male residents.
Today’s sub-Saharan African ‘slum-man’ seems to be plagued with several problems and has a hard time proving his capabilities in society. New research by APHRC has found that men living in slums are plagued with health and social problems many of which stem from unemployment and other social pressures characterizing the slum environment. As the MDGs 2015 countdown approaches and we evaluate how the lives of urban slum
dwellers have changed—we need to start the conversation about how the male segment of the urban slum population is faring. […]

APHRC Launched its Campus in Kitisuru, Nairobi

Launched its Campus in Kitisuru, Nairobi […]

Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA): One year on

This report is an annual deliverable for the Wellcome Trust and the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA), and is produced by the Evaluation and Learning (E&L) team of the African Institutions Initiative. The E&L team’s role is to capture the evolution and progress of consortia funded under the initiative, and, over time, to draw out lessons about its African-led and networked capacity building model. The core purpose of this report is to provide a review of CARTA’s activities during the first year of the programme (1 August 2009 until 31 July 2010) against the consortium’s plans for the period. […]

Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA): The second year

This report is an annual deliverable for the Wellcome Trust and the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). It aims to balance the multiple information, knowledge and learning interests of both audiences. It is produced by the Evaluation and Learning (E&L) team of the African Institutions initiative. The E&L team’s role is to capture the evolution and progress of consortia funded under the initiative, and, over time, to draw out lessons about its African-led and networked capacity building model. The core purpose of this report is to provide a review of CARTA’s activities during the second year of the programme (1 August 2010 until 31 July 2011) against the consortium’s plans for the period. […]

APHRC 2010 Annual Report

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CARTA Enrolled its first cohort offering fully funded doctoral and post-doctoral training opportunities

CARTA enrolled its first cohort offering fully funded doctoral and post-doctoral training opportunities to attract, train and retain the continent’s […]

Basic Pensions and Poverty Reduction in sub-Saharan Africa

This paper explores the role of basic pensions in reducing poverty in sub-Saharan Africa, drawing evidence from the latest Senegalese household expenditure survey. The paper also analyzes the fiscal costs of basic pensions and shows that these are fiscally affordable as long as pension levels are reasonable. […]

APHRC 2009 Annual Report

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MAPUTO PLAN OF ACTION:OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR CSO ACTION IN PROMOTING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Health issues have been a consistent item on the agenda of African government meetings since 2001. Paradoxically, inequalities in health persist, with reproductive health in particular described as a “continental state of emergency” by ministers of health as they moved actions in october 2005 at the 2nd ordinary Session of the Conference of African Ministers of Health in Gaborone, Botswana, and adopted a “Continental policy Framework on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR).” The Continental Policy Framework called for prioritizing and improving access to sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and services by strengthening the health sector through increased allocation of resources to health. The African Union (AU) Health Ministers further called for the development of a concrete and costed plan of action for implementing the framework. This culminated in the drafting of The Maputo Plan of Action (MPoA) for the operationalization of the Continental Policy Framework for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (MPoA), which was endorsed by the summit of the African Union Heads of State and Government in January 2007 to serve as a short-term plan of action for the period 2007 to 2010. […]

APHRC 2008 Annual Report

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